Consequences of deforestation

1.       Increase in natural disaster

2.       Environmental degradation

3.       Soil erosion

4.       Increase in desertification

5.       Disappearance of plants and animals

6.       Irregularity in rainfall

7.       Decrease in underground level of water

8.       Decrease in supply of raw materials

Causes of deforestation

1.       Rapid population growth

2.       Need for domestic fuel

3.       Over grazing

4.       lack of alternative energy

Mountain region

1.       Marginal mountain region

2.       Inner mountain region

3.       Main mountain region

4.       Hilly mountain region

5.       Middle/central mountain region

Mahabharata range

Effects of climate change to agriculture and food security

1.       Global agriculture will face many challenges over the coming decades

2.       Some agricultural region will be retained by climate change, while other may be benefited

3.       Higher temperature will influence production pattern

Disaster types

1.       Natural disaster

2.       Man-made disaster

Bad-effects by disaster

1.       Lose of life

2.       Injury

3.       Damage to and destruction of property

4.       Damage to and destruction of substance and cash crops

5.       Disruption of production

6.       Disruption of lifestyle

7.       Loss of livelihood

8.       Disruption to essential services

9.       Damage to natural infrastructure

10.   national economic loss

11.   Sociological and psychological effects

Indicators of disaster denoted by the ADB

1.       Earthquake

2.       Volcanic eruption

3.       Tsunami

4.       Tropical cyclone –typhoon, hurricane

Migration and its factors

Migration

Migration is the movement of people from one place in the world to another for the purpose of taking up permanent or semi permanent residence, usually across a political boundary.

Factors of migration